Loom for the manufacture of oriental carpets.



PATENTED JUNE 2l, 1904.

' F. BOYER & G. BAUM.

LOOM FOR THE MANUPAOTURE OP ORIENTAL GARPETS.

N0 MODEL.

#WTA/8858.' 74d mi@ ZW /hy APPLICATION FILED 00T. 27. 1902.

11 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

No. 763,250. PATENTED JUNE 21, 1904.

. P. BOYER & G. BAUM. LooMfoR THB MANUFAGTURE 0F ORIENTAL-GAMES.

APPLICATION FILED 00T. 27. 1902.

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PATENTED JUNE .21, 1904.

I'. BOYER & G. BAUM.

LOOM POR THE MANUPAOTURE OI ORIENTAL OARPETS.

APPLICATION FILED 00T.V 27. 1902.

` 11 SHEETS-SHEET a.

N0 MODEL.

j@ @W m PATENTED JUNE 21, 1904.

F. BOYER & G. BAUM'. LOOM FOR THE MANUFACTURE 0F ORIENTAL CARPBTS.

APPLICATION FILED 00T. 27. 1902.

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H0 MODEL.

PATBNTED JUNE 21, 1904. 'IE. BOYER Yv-G.BAUM. I LOOM POR THE MANUFAUTUREOF lQ RIENTAL GARPETS.

-APPIJOATIQN FILED: 00T. 27. 1902.

vNo MODEL'.

lac/ I No. '763,250` PATENTED-JUNE 21, 1904. I'.V BOYER & G. BAUM.

LOOM POR THE MANUPACTURE 0F ORIENTAL CARPBTS.

APPLIOATION FILnn'ooT. 21. 1902.

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No. 763,250. v PATENTED JUNE 2l, V1904;.

P. BOYER & G; BAUM.

LOOM yFOR THE MANUFAGTURE OF ORIENTAL OARPE'IS.

APPLIOATIoN FILED 001.27. 1902.

No 110ML. 11 sums-s113111' 1,

PATBNTED JUNE 21, 1904. y P. BOYER & G. BAUM.' LOOM POR THE MANUPAOTURB.OP ORIENTAL OARPBTS.

APPLICATION FILED 001227. 1902.

11 SHEETS-SHEET 8.

No MODEL.

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APPLIUATIONHLED 001227. 1902.

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- www 1 LOOM FOR THE MANUFACTURE OP OMENTALA GARPETS..

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PATENTED JUNE 21,1904. P. BOYER & G. BAUM.)

LOOM FOR THE MANUF'AOTURE OP ORIENTAL CARlEI'IS.v

` APPLICATION FILED 00T. 27. 1902.

N0 MODEL. 11 SHEETS-SHEET 10 w l l\ QQ l\ N o 'N m Q m W//VESSES/ vNYI/ENTORS.'

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P. BUYERS; G. BAUM. LooM PoR THB MANUPAGTURB 0F ORIENTAL GA'RPBTS.

APPLICATION FILED 0012-27 1902.

11 SHEETS-SHEET `No Holm..

mm. wlsmumon n UNTTED STATES Patented June 21, 1904.

PATENT OEEIcE.

FERNAND BOYER, OF PARlS, FRANCE, AND GEORG BAUM, OF ROR- SCHACH,SWITZERLAND.

LOOM FOR THE IVIANUFACTUHE OF ORIENTAL GARPETS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 763,250, dated June 21,1904.

Application filed October 27, 1902. Serial No. 128,999. (No model.)

T @ZZ whom/Arlt may concern.'

Beit known that we, FERNAND BOYER, a citizen of' the Republic of'France, residing at Paris, France, and GEORG BAUM, a citizen of Thisinvention relates to a loom designedy for the manufacture of orientalcarpets. The said loom comprises a row of needles which serve in pairsto seize the ends of a loop of thread. 1n front and behind the warp of'the carpet is arranged at each side a row of' nip-V pers adapted toapproach the warp and recede therefrom in order to cause the needles toalternately pass from one side to the other of the warp. This operationis effected in the following manner: l/Vhen one row of nippers gives upthe needles to the other row., the needles pass, with the ends of thethreads which they hold, to the outside of a pair of warp-threads, andthe two warp-threads are surrounded by a loop. On the return of theneedles the latter pass between the two warptlucads surrounded by theloop in order to .form the knot.

ln the accompanying 'drawings the various devices are represented whichconstitute our improved loom.

Figure 1 is an elevation, in part sectional, illustrating the principaldetails of the loom, the thread having been introduced into the needles.Fig. 2 shows in similar view the position of' the different parts afterthe formation ofl the loop. Fig. 3 illustrates the parts in position forthe cutting of' the thread. Fig. 4 represents the parts-after thepassage of the threads through the spaces between the warps. Fig'. 5represents. the same parts after the return ofthe needles. F igs.6to l0represent various modiiications of' the needle. Figs. 11 to show theparts in different positions. Fig. 16 is a partial rear view. Fig. 17 isa side view ol' a special apparatus for introducing the thread into theneedles and for forming the loops. Fig. 18 is a' side view, and Fig. 19a front view, of' the principal parts of the complete loom, showing themechanism for obtaining the several motions. Figs. 20 and 21 are frontviews of the means for giving transverse movement to the warp-threads.Fig. 22 is a view similar to Fig. 5, illustrating the method of'liberating the threads when using the style of' needle shown in Fig. 10.Figs. 23, 24, and are respectively a transverse section, a frontelevation, and a plan of a carrying-bar for transferring needles fromthe threading-machine to the loom or in the opposite direction.

1 is the front table, and 2 the rear table, of the machine, each ofwhich serves to support a carriage 3 and 4, respectively, the saidcarriages being adapted to be moved toward or to recede from oneanother. A warp-thread 15 is stretched vertically by the shafts, as inordinary weaving-looms, between the front and rear tables.

On the carriages 3 and 4 are fixed supports 14 and 5, respectively, uponeach of which supports rests a row of nippers 6 7, which coincide withalternate spaces between the warpthreads and serve to. grip the needles17, supporting the loop thread. To this end the lower jaw of' the saidnippers is provided with a groove 6, Fig. 1, in which engages ahorizontal arm on the needle. Above the tails or levers 10 11 of thenippers are placed cams or eecentrics 8 9, which allow the nippers toopen, while springs 12 13 serve to close them. The needles carrying thethread can be of different shapes.

Figs.6 and7 show a needle having an open eye, and Figs. 8 and 9 aneedlehaving a closed eye. These two types of' needles comprise a pair ofcheeks or plates 18, in which is pivoted a thread-gripper 19 or 20,provided at its upper part with a recess 21, which serves to grip andconsequently keep the thread in the eye of' the needle when the gripperis moved in the direction of the arrow.

Fig. 10 illustrates a modification ofthe needle, which consists of' aplate provided with a slit or recess 22,in which the thread can beengaged and held. The nippers which vseize these needles must, as willbe well understood, be suitably formed.

The parts which serve to -form the threadloop consist of a hook 23,which slides in a guide 24 and which is drawn upward by a spring 25.Each of these hooks comprises three noses 26, 27, and 28, the lowermostof whieh,26,serves to draw the loop. The one situated above, 27, 'formsa stop which comes against the guide 24 for limiting the upward movementof the loop and also its length at the same time. The uppermost nose 28is designed to be acted upon by a bar 29. The

hooks are distributed so as to each pass with the nose 26 between twoneedles of a pair, while between the groups of two needles there is nohook.

The guide 24 can be moved upward, so as to allow of regulating thelength of the loops and lowering allthe hooks. On the said guide aremounted levers 31, turning upon a' common shaft 30 and which press uponthe bar 29, resting on the noses 28, and by turning cause all the hooksto be simultaneously lowered. Two cranks or swinging arms 32 are mountedupon the carriage 3. At the end of each of them is jointed aconnecting-rod 33. The two rods 33 are connected together by a bar 34,which can be moved toward the tails of the thread-grippers 2O of theneedles and limit the turning movement of the said grippers. To this endthe bar 34 must be capable of being raised and lowered,and fingers 35are therefore provided, mounted on a common shaft located beneath therods 33.

At the front part of the table 1 are two guides 36, in which slide rods38, connected together b y an angle bar 37. This angle bar carriesknives 39, which are designed to engage in the spaces between thealternate pairs of needles, where there are no loops, in order to cutthe th reads-"that is to say,between the various groups of twowarp-threads.

The pins 40, mounted upon the plate 41, hold the warp-threads 15 atequal distances apart from one another. Behind the plate 40 are plates42 43, also provided with pins 44 55. These plates move transversely inopposite directions to one another. Above the needles are two otherplates 46 47 provided with pins 48 49, also moving transversely inopposite directions to one another and which correspond with the plates42 43.

The mechanism for moving the plates 42, 43, 46, and 47 is illustrated inFigs. 2O and 22. The rock-shaft 175 is driven by any suitable connectionfrom the main shaft of the machine. This shaft and also the shaft 176carry three-armed levers 177 and 17 8, which are connected so as to movetogether by means of a link 179. The three-armed levers 177 and 178 areconnected,by means of links 180, 181, 182, and 183, to the plates 46,47, 42, and 43, so that the plates 46 and 42 move in one direction andthe plates 47 and 43 move simultaneously in the opposite direction. Whenthe two opposite arms of the levers 17 7 and 178 stand at a verticalposition, Fig. 18, the threads are all equally spaced. When the shaftsare turned to the position of Fig. 21., the plates 46 and 42 are shiftedto the left and the plates 47 and 43 to the right, movingI thewarp-threads tothe position shown in Fig. 21. The loom operates in thefollowing manner: When the carriage 3 is in the position indicated inFig. 1 and all the thread-grippers have their tails 20 inclinedbaekward,the eyes of the needles which are gripped by the nippers 6 areall open and the thread from a bobbin is passed through all the eyes bymeans of an ordinary needle; but the hooks 23 are previously lowered bymoving the guide 24 and afterward causing the lever 31 to turn, so thatthe noses 26of the various hooks come underneath the needles, as shownin Fig. 1. Vhen the thread has been gripped in the eyes of the lastneedles, thel bar 29 is withdrawn longitudinally, releasing the hooksone after another, commencing at the side opposite the last threadedneedle, and the springs 25 cause the hooks to rise one after the otheruntil the noses 27 abut against the guides 24, A row of thread-loops ofthe same length is thus formed. (See Fig. 2.) The angle-bar 34, whichoccupied the position indicated in Fig. 1, is pushed forward, and thethread is consequently gripped in the eyes of the needles by all thethread-grippers 20, after which the bar 34 moves back. By slightlylowering the hooks and slightly causing' the carriage 3 to retreat theloops become disengaged from the noses 26, and each hook is placed inits highest position by the lifting of the guide 24, so that it shallnot act in the following operations. At this moment the carriage 3advances into the position shown in Fig. 3 to allow the knives 39 whenthey rise to cut the thread between two loops, as illustratedin Fig. 11.The cutters having been lowered, the needles carrying the threads arecaused to pass through the warp 15 by continuing to advance the carriage3, the several successive groups of two needles leaving between them twowarpthreads, as shown in Fig. 11. After that the thread-carrying needlesare seized by the nippers 7 and released by the nippers 6. Then thecarriage 4 moves slightly backward and assumes the position shown inFig. 4, so that each group of two warp-threads is surrounded by a loop.Behind the warp and below the needles is located a tightly-strained wire51, supported by a lever 50, which can be pushed back upward, as shownin Fig. 4, in order to also push the loops upward and prevent themfalling below the horizontal arms of the needles. When this wire 51 isagain lowered, the loops retain their position by virtue of the naturaltension of the thread from which they are formed. Then the warp-threadssurrounded by each loop are moved apart by shifting in the direction ofthe arrows, Flg. 11, the plates 42, 43, 46, and 47, carrying the IOO IIO

pins, so that the needles corresponding with each group oi' twowarp-threads may pass without diliculty between the latter, Figs. 13 and14. This operation is eected by causing the carriage 4 to advance, afterwhich the needles are again seized by the nippers 6 and completely drawnbetween the warp-threads, Fig. 15. The plates 42, 43, 46, and 47 arethen moved back into their places, so that the pins 44, 45, 48, and 49come into position immediately above one another. The highlystrainedwarp-threads then resume the position shown in Fig. 11 and the loops areknotted as iil they were done by hand. The last movement which takesplace is the replacement of the tails of the thread-grippers for thepurpose of liberating the threads and which takes place in the samemanner as the opposite movement which eii'ects the gripping of thelatter. The angle-bar 34 advances under the action of the crank 32 andis then lifted by the fingers 35 so as to be brought in front of thetail oi' the thread-gripper. In coming back the bar 34 replaces thetails oil the thread-grippers and liberates the threads. The operationscan then be successively repeated until, the row of knots alternatingwith the weft-threads, the carpet is iinished.

Vhen employing the needles represented in Fig. 10, the threads areliberated by employing a wire stretched above the needles and which bylowering the ends of the threads causes them to pass out ot' the slit orrecess 22. The mechanism is shownin Fig. 22. The parts 32, 34, and 35 ofFig. 5 are not necessary with this style ot' needle. On the support 185are placed oscillating levers 186, which carry at their ends a wire 187,extending the entire length ot' the loom. When the knots have beenformed and the needles y brought back to their original position, the

wire 187 is lowered by means oi' the levers 186 to the position shown indotted lines and the threads are withdrawn from the needles. Instead ofeii'eeting the threading and the formation of the loops on the machineitselil these operations can be effected upon a special apparatusrepresented in Figs. 16 and 17.

0n the plate ot' the table 52 and the standards 53 is arranged thehook-guide 54 in such a manner as to allow ot' its being movedvertically. On the bar or support 55 are also mounted nippers 56, whichare designed to seize the carrying-needles 57. 58v is one of the hookswhich are suspended from one of the ends of the levers 59, the other endo1' which carries a weight 60, which tends to cause the hooks to rise.

The noses 61 serve as stops to limit the upward movement of the hooks,while the noses 62 serve to carry a bar 63. The levers 64, which areoperated by means oi' a lever-handle, can bear upon this bar in order tolower the noses 65 beneath the eyes of the needles. An angle-bar 66,mounted upon two eccentric The passage of the threaded needles from thenippers ot' the apparatus to the nippers of the machine is eiiected bymeans of carrying-bars.

Vhen exactly similar nipper-carrying bars are provided which can befitted as well to the apparatus as to the loom, it is also possible tothread the needles on the apparatus and to carry them with the loopsonto the machine. A suitable carrying-bar is shown in Figs. 23, 24, and25. The bar or table 190 is provided with tapered grooves 191 of a shapeto fit the bottoms oi' the needles. Above each groove is a flat spring192, the strength of which is such that the needle can be easily pushedunder the spring and will beheld by the spring. supposing the needles tohave been threaded on the threading apparatus, the carrying-bar ispressed against the ends of the needles; so that the latter enter thegrooves andare held by the iiat springs. rlfhen the needle-pincers 56,Fig. 7, are opened and the removal oi' the bar carries the needles withit. Similarly, the needles are placed in the loom by placing their freeends in the pincers 6 of the loom, these latter being opened beforehand.Then the pincers 6 are closed and the bar 19() withdrawn, leaving theneedles held in the pincers. In a similar way the empty needles can betaken from the pincers 6 of the loom and in- IOO troduced into thepincers 56 of the threading apparatus.

The various operations described may be accomplished by any suitablemechanism, and various mechanisms for this purpose may be designed bythose skilled in the art. The particular style of mechanism which wepropose to use is indicated in Figs. 18 and 19. The several motions areobtained chiefly vfrom rotating cams 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, and 80,which are mounted on'a shaft 81, carried in the side frames 130 of themachine.

.The backward and forward movement of the slide 3 is secured from thecam 74 by means of a pair of double-armed levers 82 and 86, connected bymeans of a link 84 and mounted on the outer side of the frame 130. Thefree end of the arm 82 carries a roller 83, bearing against the cam 74,while the free end of the lever 86 is slotted, as at 87, and in thisslot lies a pin 89, fastened to the slide 3 and projecting through ahorizontal slot 88 in the side frame oi' the machine. To this same armof the lever 86is connected aspring 35, which at its opposite end isconnected to a pin on the side frame. This spring maintains the roller83 suitably pressed against the cam 74. The cam 80 gives the desiredmovement to the slide 4. For this purpose a lever 92 is linked to theslide 4 at one end, its opposite end being pivoted in a fixed support91, and a spring93 actingat an intermediate point to press the slideforward. A roller 90 at an intermediate point of thelever 92 is in thepath of the cam 80, so as to transmit the movement of the cam to theslide.

In order to turn the eccentric shaft 8, so as to open the nippers 6,there is keyed on the shaft an arm 95, carrying on its end a pin 96, theshaft 8 being mounted in supports 94 on the slide 3, so that the wholereciprocates with the slide. In the advance position of the slide whenthe nippers are to be opened the pin 96 stands over a rod 97, mounted invertical guides, the rod being provided near its lower end with a collar100, which bears on an arm of an angle-lever 98, mounted on a shaft 131,the other arm of the lever carrying a roller 99, which bears against thecam 78. Between the lliXed guide for the rod 97 and the collar 100 thereis provided a spring 101, which serves to press the rod 97 against theangle-lever 98 and tohold the latter, with its roller 99, against thecam 78.

The eccentric shaft9 for operating the movable arm 11 of the oppositenippers 7 is mounted similarly to the eccentric shaft 8 on a support132, carried on the slide 4 and carries likewise an arm 102. This arm102 is connected by means of a link 103 with an arm 104, which swingsabout the shaft 131. On the end of the arm 104 is carried a roller 105,bearing against the cam 77 and held against such cam by the pressure ofthe springs 13 of the nippers.

The frame 24, in which the hooks 23 are guided, is arranged in verticalguides on the side frames 130 and is suspended from arms of double-armedlevers 106, which are pivotally mounted in the opposite side frames. Thespring 110 tends to move the frame downward. The rear end of the lever106 is connected by means of a link 107 with an arm 103. pivotallyconnected to the .side frame and passing beneath the cam 75. On the arm108 is a roller 109, which by means of the spring 11() is held againstthe cam 75.

On the end of the shaft 30, mounted on the frame 24, which shaft carriesthe arm 31, is an arm 111, carrying at its end a pin 112. This pin liesin the plane of a projecting cam 113, fastened to the side frame 130, sothat the pin 112 on the lowering of the frame 24 bears on the inclinedface of the cam 113 and is turned thereby, so that the lowering of thehooks 23 follows. In order to return the arm 111 and the arms 31 totheir normal position, a spring 114 is provided, which is connected atone end to the side frame and at its other end to an arm 115, fastenedon the shaft 30.

The crank 32 on the slide 3 and the links 33, carrying the bar 34,receive their movement from the cam 79 through the intermediation of anarm 115, connected to the shaft of the crank 32, and which through alink 116 is connected with a double-armed lever 118, mounted in asupport 117, the other arm of this lever carrying a roller 119, whichbears on the under side of the cam 79. The arm of the lever which isconnected with the link 116 has a longitudinal slot 120, .in which theconnecting-pin 121 slides during the backward and forward movement ofthe slide 3. A spring 122 maintains a suitable pressure of the roller119 against the cam 79.

The arms 35, which lift the links 33 and which are mounted on the slide3, are operated by the cam 76 through the intermediation of a link 124,connected at its upper end to an arm 123 on the shaft of the arms 35,the link 124 being connected at its lower end to the long arm ofadouble-armed lever 125, carried in a support 129 and havingI at itsopposite end a roller 126, bearing against the cam 76. A slot 128 isprovided in the long arm of the lever 125 as a guide for theconnecting-pin 124 in the backward and forward movement of the slide 3.The spring 127 maintains the roller 126 against its cam.

Though we have described with great particularity of detail an apparatusenbodying our invention, yet it is to be understood that the inventionis not limitedto the specific machine shown. Various modificationsindetails and in the general arrangement and combination of the partsmay be made by those skilled in the art without departure from theprinciples of the invention.

What we claim is- 1. In aloom for the manufacture of oriental carpets,the combination of a row of needles adapted to operate in pairs and toseize the ends of a loop of thread, two movable rows of nippers one ateach side of the warp-threads and adapted to pass the needles from oneside to the other of the warp, and to transfer the needles from one rowof nippers to the other alternately, and means for shifting thewarpthreads to first cause the needles and the ends of the loops whichthey carry to pass outside of a pair of warp-threads, and to thussurround two warp-threads with a loop upon one movement of the needles,and to cause them to pass between the two warp-threads surrounded by theloop upon the return movement of the needles in order to form a knot.

2. A needle for looms provided with an eye through which the thread maybe passed, having means for gripping the thread in such eye.

3. A needle for looms provided witha pair of eyes in line with eachother through which the thread may be passed, and provided with IOO ITO

a gripper adapted to grip the thread in said eyes.

4. Avneedle for looms comprising a pair of plates 18 provided with eyesin line with each other through which the thread may be passed, andprovided with a gripper pivoted between said plates for gripping thethread in said eyes.

A needle for looms provided with a closed eye through which the threadmay be passed, and provided with a gripper for grippingthe thread insaid eye.

.6. In a loom for the manufacture of oriental carpets, the'combinationof a row of needles having thread-grippers provided with tails, andmeans for operating said tails to grip the thread in the needle and toopen the grippers at the proper periods.

7. In a loom for the manufacture of oriental carpets, the combinationwith a row of needles provided with grippers having tails, of a bar formoving said tails to operate the grippers, means for moving said bar infront of or behind the tails of the grippers, and means for moving saidbar horizontally to move the tails in either direction.

8. In a loom for the manufacture of knotted carpets, the combination ofa row of needles through eyes of which the thread is adapted to bepassed, and means for drawing the thread into loops between the needles.

9. In a loom for the manufacture of knotted carpets, the combinationwith a row of needles through eyes of which the thread is adapted to bepassed, of a series of hooks, and means for passing said hooks one afteranother through certain spaces between said needles to draw the threadinto loops.

10. In a loom for the manufacture of oriental carpets, the combinationof a row of needles through eyes of which thethread is adapted tobepassed, means forlooping the thread between said needles, and meansforcutting the thread between each two successive loops.

11. In a loom for the manufacture of oriental carpets, the combinationof a row of needles through eyes of which the thread is adapted to bepassed, means for drawing the thread into loops in the alternate spacesbetween said needles, and means for cutting the thread in the spacesbetween said needles in which there are no loops.

12. In a loomfor the manufacture of oriental carpets, the combination ofa row of needles through eyes of which the thread is adapted to bepassed, means for drawing the thread in loops at certain intervalsbetween said needles, means for then gripping the thread in the needles,and means for cutting the thread between the loops.

13. In a loom for the manufacture of knotted carpets, the combination ofa pair of needles adapted to be passed backward and forward through thewarp, and warp guide-plates moving in opposite directions and providedwith pins engaging the warp-threads for shifting the same so as tomaintain the threads of a pair together to permit the pair of needles topass outside of them, and alternately separated so as to permit the pairof needles to pass between them.

In witness whereof we havehereunto signed our names in the presence ofthe subscribing witnesses.

FERNAND BOYER. GEORG BAUM. Witnesses as to Fernand Boyer:

AUGUSTE MATHIEU, EDWARD P. MAGLEAN. Witnesses as to Georg Baum CARLKAUFMANN, JAKOB ABDERHALDEN.

